Система традиционного образования в примечетской школе Дагестана: история и современное состояние

Abstract

Introduction. In the post-Soviet period, powerful processes of religious revival were observed in Russia, which were of a rather complex and contradictory nature. Logical consequence of the Islamic revival was the emergence of need for knowledge of the professed doctrine, which contributed to emergence of Muslim educational institutions of different levels (maktabs, medreses, Islamic universities), that actualized the problem of studying this aspect. Theoretical justification. The emergence of the Islamic doctrine initially contributed to increasing interest in religious knowledge, intensified the need to obtain it, and there was historically strong argumentation for this: in particular, authority of the scientist in society, social status, material welfare of a person, etc. Research methods. The object of the research is Islamic education. The subject of the research is the initial segment of Muslim education in Dagestan in the pre-revolutionary and modern periods. A sociological survey on the study of the initial segment of Muslim education (schools at the mosque) was conducted in 2020 in cities (Makhachkala, Khasavyurt, Derbent) and districts (Botlikhsky, Buinaksky, Kazbekovsky, Khasavyurtovsky) of the Republic of Dagestan. Within the framework of this project, three surveys were conducted (expert, parents and pupils): 1. Mass survey of parents whose children study and do not study at maktab; 2. Expert survey; 3. Survey of pupils of schools at the mosque. The questionnaires were discussed in the Department of Sociology and processed in the SSPS program - 25, for what 3 matrices were created: pupils, parents, experts. Calculations were performed as a descriptive statistics for each matrix separately. Also, a crostabulation (cross-over or conjugation) analysis was carried out according to socio-demographic parameters - gender, age, place of residence, attitude to religion. Among the respondents were parents N = 255, pupils N = 444, experts N = 59 persons. The research method is a mass standardized survey. Results and its discussion. For the Muslim republics (subjects) of Russia, both in the pre-revolutionary and in the modern period, Islam and Islamic education are of great importance. Therefore, in the wake of Perestroika and the expansion of the field for free expression of their attitude to religion, along with the population's appeal to religion, Islamic educational institutions of various levels began to appear widely. The interreligious situation and relationships depend on the quality of education, the used programs and the level of teacher training at these educational institutions – especially in the polyreligious region such as Dagestan.