Тема сердце (дил) и духовное сердце (калб) в позднемавераннахрской агиографической традиции

Abstract

The concepts of heart (dil) and spiritual heart (kalb) are important in the anthropological worldview of Sufism. The heart is a place of love (ishq). Divine love (ishq-i illohi) becomes the source where other paths and choices in a person's life begin. At the same time, it is the source of both sinful and pure thoughts. The heart serves as a cognitive tool. A person's search for truth and self-knowledge of his spiritual essence is carried out through hearts. With the dominance of sensory cognition in a person, there is a contradictory connection between the heart (dil, ishk) and the mind (acl). Sufis in most cases relied more on sensory cognition, on the dictates and inclinations of the heart than of the mind. The source base of the research was such Muslim hagiographic works (manakib) as “Jama'ul-makamat”, dedicated to the biography of the leader of the Transoxiana Naqshbandi brotherhood Khojagi Ahmad Kosoni (died in 1542), “Saadiya”, dedicated to the biography of the Juybar (Bukhara) Khojas, "Lamahat min nafahat al-uns", dedicated to the famous Jahrit Sufis, in in particular, the biography of Sheikh Khudoydod Azizon (died in 1533). The subject of the study is the analysis of the concept of the heart, its place and interpretation in the Sufi worldview. This concept is studied purely within the framework of the Muslim hagiographic tradition, based on the perception of the authors of the manakibs of this issue.The purpose of the study is to reveal the meaning of the concept of “heart”, “spiritual heart” in the Sufi worldview and its relationship with other elements of being.