НІМЕЦЬКА МОВА ТА ЇЇ НОСІЇ В УКРАЇНІ: ВІД ВИТОКІВ ДО СЬОГОДЕННЯ

Abstract

The article analyzes the influence of Germans and the German language in Ukraine on Ukrainian culture, language and literature. It traces the stages of replenishment of the Ukrainian vocabulary with German vocabulary. German-speaking writers also made a significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian literature. German remains one of the leading foreign languages in Ukraine. Preservation of German (German-speaking) cultural heritage in Ukraine and its study can serve as an example for the promotion of other languages and cultures. The article presents a modified three- level model of possible relations between different cultures proposed by W. Welsh. There have been outlined multicultural, intercultural and transcultural aspects of such relations. In Ukraine, it is formed by the coexistence of different in content and forms ethnic cultures (multicultural aspect), which, despite the differences, under the pressure of social, socioeconomic factors interact (intercultural aspect). In addition, there is another dimension - transcultural, which involves not so much mixing elements of different cultures and eliminating the boundaries between national cultures, as the possibility of the existence of a certain culture not only within individual national entities, but also adopting transcultural elements. In particular, it allows into consideration as part of the Ukrainian cultural heritage the works of all those artists who, due to various life circumstances, were forced to leave their home country and create abroad still being part of its culture.