Економіка Наддніпрянської України у першій половині ХІХ ст.: соціально-економічні зміни.

Abstract

Economic development of the Ukrainian provinces in a period before reforms is analyzed. The attention is paid on such fields of industry as a manufactory, machine-building, treatment of metal. Claim of commodity-money relations influenced on national consciousness of considerable part of Ukrainian ethnos.It is stressed that the tsarist regime primarily defended imperial interests, but could not fail to take into account the need for industrial development of the outskirts, their natural wealth. Protectionism policy contributed to the development of the metallurgical and engineering industries of Ukraine, in particular, the southern regions. This policy intensified after the Crimean War. The state provided assistance to entrepreneurs through government contracts, subsidies, bonuses, preferential tariffs and the like. However, in these conditions, the development of private initiative of the lower classes was limited. The tsarist government made every effort to create ideal conditions for the entrepreneurial activities of the nobility and merchants.The peculiarity of the Ukrainian working class of the pre-reform period was its long-term relationship with agriculture. In the pre-reform decades, the main source of the formation of the working class in Ukraine was the peasantry. Only later the machine industry completely tore workers from the ground.In the process of capitalist development, Ukraine was drawn ever deeper into the Russian imperial system. However, the approval of commodity-money relations influenced the national consciousness of a significant part of the Ukrainian ethnos. The medieval isolationism was overcome, structural changes in the population took place. The new heterogeneous intelligentsia and the best representatives of the national bourgeoisie became bearers of the Ukrainian national revival.