Особливості місця, часу, обстановки й слідів вбивств, учинених в умовах неочевидності

Abstract

On the basis of generalization of materials of criminal cases and research papers, typological characteristics of the victims, determined by the typical place, time, environment and traces of murders committed in conditions of unobviousness, and typological characteristics of identity of the murderer are provided. It is emphasized that these elements have an important place in the structure of criminalistics characteristics of these crimes because the investigation always starts with their establishment. It is underlined that the elements that are studied in the article provide original information about the crime. On the basis of research and data obtained from the generalization of criminal cases of unsolved murders, probabilistic, statistical and correlation connections between the elements of the forensic characterization of unsolved murders of previous years have been established and standard versions have been proposed based on them, primarily on the identity of murderers. Such versions serve as a kind of guide for investigators in organizing the investigation of a specific act of intentional deprivation of human life, committed in conditions of obscurity. This makes it possible to significantly narrow the scope of the search for persons involved in the crime, and increase the probability of its disclosure. The issue of investigating unsolved crimes recently has been the subject of attention in the works of many scholars. But these studies covered general issues specific to the investigation of all types of unsolved crimes. At the same time, there have been no in-depth studies of the problematic issues of the investigation of unsolved murders in recent years. The analysis of investigative practice shows that there are a number of specific factors for criminal cases of unsolved murders, which are related to the peculiarities of the forensic characterization of these crimes, as well as to mistakes made during the initial investigative actions and investigative measures. In the article the author tries to determine the methodological features of establishing the place, time, situation and traces of murders committed in conditions of obscurity with the subsequent implementation of the results in the investigative practice of law enforcement agencies.