Сравнительный анализ законодательства в области охраны труда в России и Китае

Abstract

Objective: Analysis of labor legislation on labor protection in the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China with the aim of constantly improving working conditions, ensuring safety and harmlessness of operations which are unsafe and harmful to health, mechanization and automation of heavy manual labor, as well as the implementation of safe and civilized production. Methods: An analysis of legislation on labor protection was applied in terms of employment, labor contracts, working hours and rest breaks, wages, labor protection, social insurance, vocational training, etc. Based on its results, negative and positive consequences of legislation on labor protection in China and Russia were identifi ed. Results: The constitutions and labor legislation of both countries contain the rights of workers to legal protection, including the right to work in conditions that meet safety requirements, there are standards for investigating accidents at work, and special attention is paid to the labor protection of women and children. It was revealed that in the Russian Federation, in contrast to China, a greater number of regulatory laws and regulations were developed, and special labor assessments were effectively regulated, therefore, the safety level in the Russian workplace is higher. Practical importance: In accordance with the legislation on labor protection, state bodies, economic departments, enterprises and their leaders at all levels must take various organizational and technical measures to create safe, hygienic and comfortable working conditions for workers which prevent and eliminate accidents, industrial poisoning and occupational diseases, protect the health and safety of workers, maintain and improve their long-term working capacity, avoid unnecessary losses of social labor and material benefi ts. Constantly improving labor legislation allows working safely and protects the legal rights of employees.