Проблемы электроснабжения в коммунально-бытовом секторе Арктической зоны Республики Саха (Якутия)

Abstract

The article assesses the current state and problems of the power supply system, highlights the most pressing problems in the public utilities sector in the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). On the basis of statistical processing of information by subdivisions of JSC Sakhaenergo, the authors present an analysis of the structure of generating capacities and the dynamics of the installed capacity of power plants, including those based on renewable energy sources. Diesel power plants account for the largest share of the installed capacity, with renewable energy sources accounting for less than 1.4%. The main problem in power generation is equipment wear. In total, in the Arctic uluses of the republic in the communal and household sector, the standard resource for operating time since the start of operation exceeded more than 30% of the total number and 20% of the total installed capacity of diesel units, of which 60% are operating after major repairs. The authors outline main problems of fuel supply for the considered Arctic uluses: harsh climatic conditions, difficult transport accessibility, unstable hydrological situation, insufficient amount of dredging work, and a shortage of special road equipment. The assessment of the wear of power transmission lines and transformer substations is carried out. Of the total length of overhead power lines, 18.5% exceed the service life limit. For cable lines, this figure is 50.6%. In five uluses, more than half of the installed capacity of transformers exceeds the standard resource. Assessment of the electricity losses level shows that, on average, they amount to 15% for district power grids. In a number of Arctic uluses, there are high energy losses in power grids as well as their constant growth. When replacing and reconstructing outdated infrastructure, it is advisable to implement measures aimed at reducing losses and increasing the capacity of lines.