РРСС у нозопрофілі інфекційної патології свиней у Чорнухинському районі Полтавській області

Abstract

Infectious pathology of pigs in the region is represented mainly bacterial diseases (52,8% of the total infectious diseases). However, the bacteria, as is usually secondary pathogens to cause clinical picture against viral disease. Among the latter occupies a special place reproductive and respiratory syndrome, characterized by obstetric and gynecological diseases in sows and respiratory problems in piglets. More and more reports have appeared in the world literature of the recent years, indicating the widespread distribution of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in North America and Europe. Currently, two types of virus are identified from pigs - the North American and European. PRRS is widespread also in Ukraine. The incidence in individual farms may exceed 55%, while the mortality observed in 2-6-month-old pigs varies from 1 to 25%. A serious decline in the growth and development of piglets is present. Viral diseases are one of the main causes of reproductive disorders in sows. The reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of such diseases. That is why it is important to quickly and reliably determine the cause of the diseases in animals. A successful prevention of viral infections, which forms the basis of etiology of reproductive disorders, is dependent on an in-depth study of the nature of the viruses, antigenic and biological properties of their components, mechanisms of their relationship with cells, pathogenesis, factors of specific and nonspecific immunity as well as possible associations. The purpose of our research was a detailed study of the epizootic situation regarding the reproductive and respiratory syndrome of pigs in farms of different forms of ownership in the Chernukhinsky district of the Poltava region. In order to determine the role and place of PRRS in the infectious pathology of pigs in the conditions of the Chernukhinsky district of the Poltava region, we have examined the nozological profile, density, geographical distribution and annual dynamics of infectious diseases in pigs. The diagnostics of PRRS was performed using a test system for detecting a pathogenic RNA in a pathological material using a polymerase chain reaction method (PCR) with electrophoretic detection of agarose gel amplification products. In addition, we determined presence of specific antibodies to the PRRS agent in blood serum using the IFA method. The results of our research showed that the ratio of viral to bacterial diseases in pigs in the Poltava region, taking into account associative manifestations of infectious pathology, was within the range of 1:1. PRRS ranks first and accounts for 26,2% of the cases. In addition, the mycoplasmosis accounts for 25,1%, transmissible gastroenteritis of swine for 22,1 %, circovirus infection for 17,6%, colibacillosis for 11.3%, PVIP – 9,3%, pasteurellosis – 7,3%, enzootic pneumonia for 6,8%. In order to ensure the epizootic welfare of pigs in Chornuhynsky district, an ongoing monitoring of PRRS as well as prompt and reliable revealing of the cause of disease in animals should be conducted.