Последние носители мазунинского культурного комплекса и стык мазунинской и бахмутинской культур

Abstract

The article reviews complexes that reflect the process of the Mazunino culture transforming into the Bakhmutino culture. On the right bank of the Kama River, the Mazunino monuments cease to exist by the end of the 4th century. Further development of these antiquities occurs on the left bank, where the traditional complex of material culture is preserved. The prevailing types are temple pendants and large oval fibulae. In- novations accumulated throughout the 5th century lead to a change in the “ethnographic” specifics and result in the complex of Bakhmutino culture. Changes are found in set of pendants, the structure of belt sets, the decor of ceramic vessels, and the funeral rite. There is no reason to date finds of Bakhmutino types earlier than the 5th century. By the second half of the 5th century, Mazunino features (objects) are preserved only in single burials: Birsk burial ground, burials number 18, 81, 92, 125, 128. Found buckles and double-plate fibulae are the basis for dating. The entire transformation of costume decor and accessories (belts with two strap-ends, shoe sets, earrings, mirrors, a developed set of pendants, beads) has chronological significance. The considered complexes can be dated only in general terms within the era, but not earlier than the middle of the 5th century. These five graves no longer directly belong to the classical Mazunino culture, the complex (but not particular elements) of which cease to exist in the 1st half of the 5th century, and completely disappear by the middle of the 5th century. Mazunino decorations slowly leaving the everyday life speaks about slow changes in the same population.