Реализация политики в области сохранения материальных объектов культурного наследия: европейский опыт

Abstract

Each country has a unique experience in the protection of material cultural heritage sites. The preservation of heritage is an essential condition for the economic development of any state. Most modern countries are actively promoting their cultural heritage in order to attract professionals and experts in the feld of preservation of cultural heritage sites, making efforts to organize and cooperate in this feld. The study of foreign experience in preserving cultural heritage continues to be relevant for identifying the positive aspects of this kind of activity and its possible further use. Many countries have accumulated valuable techniques and have their own models of security activities in the feld of cultural heritage. A special place in the world experience of preserving cultural heritage is occupied by European countries (France, Italy, Great Britain), which have developed effective mechanisms of security activity of the state over the centuries of practice. The article discusses the main models of state regulation in the feld of protection, disposal and use of material objects of cultural heritage, reveals the specifcs of the legislative framework, organizational and economic support and the role of public organizations. It concludes that the foundations of the cultural policy of European countries are the decentralization of cultural management, as well as the creation of effective mechanisms of public-private partnership and wellfunctioning interaction of the main actors involved in the protection of cultural heritage.