Оценка регулятивных издержек бизнеса в сфере контрольной (надзорной) деятельности: социологический анализ

Abstract

The effectiveness of the control (supervision) reform is assessed by a number of indicators, but among them there are not enough indicators that indicate the attitude of citizens and businesses to the changes taking place. The use of sociological methods makes it possible to measure statistical data in the field of control (supervision) and the opinions of citizens and business representatives on the degree of achievement of the goals of state control and respond to existing problems in a timely manner. The aim of the article is to analyze the regulatory costs of business in interaction with control (supervisory) bodies and identify dynamics, problem areas and possible solutions. In March 2023, a sociological survey of business representatives was conducted, a multi-stage quota sample of 1000 people was used. Surveys using a similar methodology were implemented in 2017 and 2020–2022. Compliance with mandatory requirements by controlled persons requires not only resources, but also the perception of mandatory requirements as necessary and sufficient, leading to a reduction in the risks of harm. In 2023, the highest percentage of positive responses regarding the need for mandatory requirements is recorded. The survey of 2023, in comparison with the previous rounds, demonstrated a reduction in time spent on control (supervisory) activities. The results of the conducted research show that for 74.3% of the respondents, the operating mode of the organization remained unchanged during control (supervisory) activities. Since 2017, the share of respondents who had no material costs during the control (supervision) has increased by 9.8 percentage points. The average material costs per inspection amounted to 126.9 thousand rubles, which is higher than the value received in 2022. The share of business representatives who noted the fact of informal payments during control and supervisory activities decreased by 3.5 times compared to 2017. The tax burden, compared with the results of the previous surveys, has increased business costs over the past year. A more prosperous situation is observed in terms of the administrative burden on the business. The regulatory burden (its various components) over the past year, according to 45.2% of respondents, remained unchanged; 46.9% of respondents indicated an increase. An important tool can be an assessment of the application of mandatory requirements with an analysis of the most and least violated ones, which will allow for more targeted control and supervisory measures and will optimize business costs.