ІНКЛЮЗИВНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ В УМОВАХ МАКРОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ НЕСТАБІЛЬНОСТІ

Abstract

The article defines the growing role of human capital in the modern world, as well as its huge potential for the economic development of various national economies, including the economy of Ukraine. It is emphasized that in the modern post-industrial society, the importance of financial capital is increasingly replaced by the importance of human capital. The role of human capital is growing in conditions of disruption of macroeconomic stability. Different approaches to determining the essence of human capital are considered. The article offers a proper interpretation of human capital as a set of knowledge, abilities, skills and competencies that are inherent to individuals and that contribute to the increase of personal and social well-being. It is emphasized that a person is the basis of human capital. It is a person can accumulate knowledge, skills and experience, therefore all characteristics of human capital directly or indirectly determine the state of a person. The article proposes to consider human capital from the point of view of its quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Demographic trends and migration processes are defined as the main quantitative characteristics of human capital, and education and science, economic activity, health status are defined as qualitative characteristics. It was found that as a result of the full-scale war of the russian federation against Ukraine and the disruption of macroeconomic stability, the quantity and quality of human capital underwent certain changes. Negative demographic trends of human capital and negative dynamics of the main indicators of economic activity are determined. The dynamics and nature of migration processes have changed. It is noted that despite the high indicators of the cult of higher education, there are certain difficulties in this field, as well as in the field of health care. In order to increase the competitiveness of human capital, it is proposed to apply an inclusive approach to it, in particular in the field of education, in the field of labor and/or entrepreneurial activity, and in the field of health care.