漢語 학습서 『唐話纂要』 齒音 小考 - 『全韻玉篇』 남방계 방언 齒音과의 비교를 통해 -

Abstract

This paper looks into the dental sounds found in the “Towasanyo(唐話纂要)” which was a Japanese textbook for learning Chinese where it records the Chinese original sounds of the Edo period in Japan with their katagana(カタカナ) system. Initially, the current voice sounds from the regions of Nanjing(南京), Hangzhou(杭州), Ningbo(寧波) and Zhangzhou(漳州) which are mentioned as regions related to Dangeum (refers to the Chinese used by translators in Nagasaki during the Edo period) were taken and compared to study how their special characteristcs were reflected in the Towasanyo where the Chinese sounds of the 18th Century focused on the said regions were copied into the book using katagana. Then, the special characteristics of the Old Mandarin(早期官話) where the voiced sound developed into voiceless sounds as well as the contents of the Jeonwoonokpyeon(全韻玉篇) which has been evaluated to demonstrate the special characterists of the Koreanized Chinese sounds during the latter half of the Joseon period were taken and studied for comparison purposes. All these comparisons were for the ultimate objective of seeing if the phenonmenon of the voiced sound becoming voiceless that occurred in the Towasanyo had also happened.<BR> Through this research, it was confirmed that even though the Towasanyo was a Chinese textbook that was written in the 1700s, it was partially following the systematic approach where the Chinese sounds are analyzed and categorized into “ch’i-du/choing-ch’i”(齒頭/正齒) sounds within the Middle Chinese(中古音). Within the contents of the Towasanyo, the recorded classification of the voiced and voiceless sounds were found to be relatively precise while in the Jeonwoonokpyeon (全韻玉篇), the recorded classification of the “jeon-cheong/cha-cheong”(全淸/次淸) that comes under the voiceless sounds were found to be relatively explicit. In short, the Chinese sounds of Japanese and Korean which are evaluated as having received a lot of influence from the Middle Chinese can be seen as having recorded the phonological discrimination qualities of the voiced and voiceless sounds in the process of accepting the Middle Chinese language according to their own native word sound system which in turn was recorded as katagana and Huminjeongeum respectively.