Влияние статических характеристик современных видов нагрузки на режимы работы электрических сетей

Abstract

One of the main aims pursued in conducting a power system operating mode is to maintain the normal voltage level at the control points of the power system and at its consumers. The voltage operation parameters in the electric network must meet the requirements of Russian State Standard (GOST) 32144‑2013 in regard of permissible voltage deviations for electric energy consumers who are powered from this network. In addition, it is desirable for the consumer to have an optimal voltage level at which the costs for producing a unit of goods are kept to a minimum. Each load is characterized by different active power consumption and reactive power absorption as a function of voltage, which leads to changes in the network operating parameters. Thus, in studying the electric power system operating modes, it is necessary to take into account the load static voltage characteristics. In this study, the electrical regimes were numerically analyzed (using the RastrWin3 software package), the Jacobi matrix was calculated, and the resulting data array was approximated using the Gauss, Cramer, and numerical methods. The distribution of power consumption in an individual house/apartment is determined; modern equations for the static characteristics of domestic loads for an individual house/apartment and for load nodes belonging to the 6-20 kV and 110-220 kV voltage classes are derived, and standardized node sensornet lists for different electrical networks are calculated. The study results can be used in designing modern electrical networks, in optimizing the network operating modes, and in settling operational dispatch control matters. It has been proven based on the results from comparing the obtained equations of static load characteristics with the typical ones that the introduction of energy saving technologies and the use of modern types of electrical appliances generate the need to change the typical static load characteristics. The necessity of representing the load at nodes by full models of static load characteristics is shown.