Спектральный анализ радиосигналов в реальном времени на основе применения эхо-эффекта

Abstract

The prospects of research in creating devices for optimal processing radio signals are associated with the study of nuclear and electron spin echo. The physical nature of the echo effect lies in the fact that after the application and removal of the signal, the response of the system disappears due to a violation of the coherence of the various spectral components of the system oscillations. The effect of the reading pulse, due to the nonlinearity of the system, generates oscillation components with an inverse phase change, which leads to the restoration of oscillation coherence and causes an echo. The information carrier in these cases is the vibrations of the spins of the nuclei or lattice atoms, and the active medium, thus, is the volume of a solid. The effect of spin echo consists in the possibility of recording 
 a signal in the volume of a solid body by the action of a magnetic field carrying the signal on the system of spins of electrons or nuclei of matter. After the delay time has elapsed, the recorded signal can be read. To do this, a reading pulse is applied to the volume of the solid after a certain time after the signal is given. The practical value of using the echo effect is that the time position and shape of the echo signal are uniquely related to the spectrum of input signals and their temporal arrangement, and a change in the functions of the device can be easily obtained by changing the frequency, phase, and time position of the control pulses. The process of spectrum analysis in an analyzer based on nuclear magnetic resonance is reduced to the fact that the spectrum of the analyzed signals is recorded in the form of rotation angles of the nuclear magnetization of the working material within its spectrum. Unlike traditional spectrum analyzers, NMR analyzers determine the spectrum of each incoming pulse. The considered features of the echo effect allow to conclude about the prospects and great possibilities of using nuclear magnetic resonance in the transmitting, receiving and processing the analog and discrete information.