Abstract
Introduction. The study of the neurotransmitter regulation of the ureters allows a better understanding of the function of the ureters, not only in the norm, but also the mechanism of development of renal colic, one of the most common acute conditions in urology. Moreover, the main type of treatment for renal colic is drug therapy used to relieve pain, as well as drug stone expelling therapy, which is gradually replenished with new drugs. Aim. The aim of the study is to review current information on the neurotransmitter regulation of the ureters. Material and Methods. A review current information on the neurotransmitter regulation of the ureters was carried out. Results and discussion. To date, the role of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, cholinergic receptors is the most studied, the mechanism of action of cyclooxygenase inhibitors and Ca channel blockers is also well studied. Drugs belonging to the above groups continue to be widely and successfully used in clinical practice, including in emergency urology, and also continue to be replenished with new representatives of these groups of medicines. Recently, new clinical data have appeared on the effectiveness of the use of type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and the role of serotonin receptors in the ureters continues to be studied. Another interesting area is the study of the role of P2 receptors in normal and pathological conditions. The wide expression of all known P2 receptor subtypes on ureteral cells, as well as the release of adenosine triphosphoric acid by urothelial cells with an increase in intraureteral pressure, suggests their important role in the contractile activity of the ureters. Conclusion. The impact on the P2 receptors of the ureters can become one of the promising areas for the search and development of new stone-removing drugs with a new mechanism of action. The article discusses the roles of the above receptors and enzymes in the neurotransmitter regulation of the ureters.
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