Стан та досвід використання кисневих конвертерів на металургійних підприємствах сучасної України

Abstract

Metallurgy is one of the leading sectors of the economy of Ukraine, by 2022 it was be the second largest and profit article of Ukrainian exports. Steelmaking production is the second stage in the total production cycle of ferrous metallurgy. In general, Ukraine is one of the leaders of the steel producers in the world. In 2021, Ukraine took 14 place in the global rating of world manufacturers of steel according to World Steel Association (WSA) data. During 2021 year in Ukraine was produced 21366 thousand tons of steel. In the modern metallurgical industry of Ukraine, the main methods of steel making is the oxygen converter process, Marten process and electrometallurgical process. The ratio in the overall production of steel between these of technological processes changes every year. As of 2017, in Ukraine, the fate of steel produced in converter was 71.7% from total steel produced. Converter process is predominantly using for obtained the common steel marks. Today, there are three large metallurgical enterprises in Ukraine with oxygen converter department in the structure: PrAT "KAMET-STAL", PrAT "ArselorMyttal Kryvyy Rih", PrAT "Dniprovsʹkyy metalurhiynyy zavod". In the structure of which is has 11 converters, a from 60 to 250 tons, adapted to the technology of LD process with the use of multinozzel top tuyere. Steel production with converter process has the potential for further development in the country and increasing it is production. According to the data, produced steel with converter process is the most favorable in cost compared to other basic ways of the steel producing in Ukraine. For example, an electric steel, which is obtained by the process of smelting in arc steelmaking furnaces. The marks of electric steels similar to the converter steel assortment can be more expensive in the range from 7.8% to 95.6%. The marten steel is more expensive than converter steel from 24.5 % to 102.9%. Such data indicate the expediency of predominant use for the common marks of steels the converter process.