Триада «философия культуры — психология — лингвистика»: концепция Бронислава Малиновского в аспекте интердисциплинаризма

Abstract

<p>A shift in philosophical thinking towards language, signs and their meanings marked an early 20<sup>th</sup> century. It was a contrast to the metaphysical and rationalist thought style of classical philosophy, centred on reason as expressed in Descartes’ «Cogito, ergo sum». Language, like culture, reveals the essence of what is happening; the word is the key to understanding the truth that can unite peoples and destroy civilizations. In 20<sup>th</sup> century, too, culture continued to be studied from various angles, including biological and psychological. Influenced by W. Wundt’s ideas on folk psychology (Völkerpsychologie), B. Malinowski considered it crucial to explore the local language and culture to discover the full meaning of words and expressions. He argued that the true meaning of a word could only be seen by contextualizing it with other words, and offered his own approach to translating. Malinowski’s term «situational context» became a key concept in functional linguistics.</p>