Проблемы устойчивого развития в аспектах мирового энергопотребления и экологической грамотности населения

Abstract

The Stockholm Conference of 1972 set a set of tasks for the governments of different countries aimed at reducing the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. The current economic and environmental activities of modern countries are examined using the examples of India, Germany and Russia. India and Germany, which have economies of different levels of development, have a similar need for traditional heat and power resources to ensure sustainable development of the national economy and the implementation of environmental tasks set for the countries by their leadership. Russia is in an advantageous position, having large reserves of fuel and energy resources, allowing it to be independent in choosing development paths. Aware of its responsibility to future generations, our country is actively pursuing a policy of reducing its impact on the environment. The international community of scientists and experts has articulated the major human impacts in 2022, highlighting global warming, biodiversity loss, deforestation, plastic pollution, air pollution, especially greenhouse gases from agriculture, and poor government governance. There are huge food losses due to overproduction and large amounts of food waste amid nearly a billion hungry people in the world. The problem of “fast fashion” is identified, which leads to the generation of significant amounts of fabric waste, including synthetic ones. The last two problems are associated with excessive consumption of a significant part of the world's population, which contradicts the general interest of the population in the environment. The marketing policy of organizations using images of nature protection, aimed at the emotions of people who do not have a holistic picture of the world, a penchant for critical analysis, or sufficient knowledge in the field of environmental and natural sciences, is called “greenwashing”. Countering this policy, aimed at increasing consumption under the slogans of reducing the anthropogenic impact on nature, should be based on a consistent government policy to increase environmental consciousness, education and upbringing of citizens.