Родючість чорнозему опідзоленого за різних систем удобрення в агроценозі Центрального Лісостепу

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Goal. To substantiate scientifically and theoretically as well as develop a comparative basic model of physicochemical state of the soil stratum for the conditions of reproduction of fertility of podzolic chornozem at long-term use of organic and intensive fertilizer system in growing grain crops in short-term grain-row crop rotation for the conditions of Central Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field — to establish and conduct field stationary experiment to study the impact of fertilizer systems on the change of physicochemical properties of podzolic chornozem and determine the productivity of crop rotation; laboratory — to establish quantitative and qualitative characteristics of physicochemical and humus states of chornozem; comparative and statistical — to model the relationship between the parameters of physicochemical and humus states and determine the productivity of agrocenosis. Results. It is established that the functional relationship between humus content, actual, hydrolytic acidity, and the sum of absorbed bases in the one-meter thickness of podzolic chornozem in an organic fertilizer system is closer than in an intensive one: the coefficient of determination between humus content and physicochemical indices is 56–72%, at intensive fertilizer system — 48–55%, which is provided by strengthening the processes of degradation of the one-meter thickness of chornozem and is manifested in the increase of the boiling line of CaCO3, which is at a depth of 55–60 cm from the soil surface against 65–70 cm at intensive fertilizer system. Conclusions. The high values of the number of absorbed bases according to the upper typical values are due to the presence of carbonates in the lower part of the one-meter thickness, the amount of which increases at the use of the organic fertilizer system: there is an intensification of the degradation process. The boiling line of CaCO3 is located at a depth of 55–60 cm from the soil surface against 65–70 cm at the use of an intensive fertilizer system. On average, in 2016–2019, the highest productivity in terms of grain, feed, feed-protein units and digestible protein in the organic system was in winter wheat: 5.51 t/ha, 7.05 t/ha, 6.52 t/ha and 0,92 t/ha, respectively, or 90–92% of the output at the use of the intensive fertilizer system. The coefficient of variation of grain yield under the organic fertilizer system was lower, except for the barley yield, compared to the intensive fertilizer system: 7.95% vs. 10.5%.