УКРАЇНСЬКА ІСТОРІЯ У ТВОРАХ ЗЕНОНА ФІША (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ПОВІСТІ «НЕСТОР ПИСАНКА»)

Abstract

The article observes the creative work of Polish writer Z. Fisz, which is nowadays somewhat forgotten. However, it must take a decent place in the history of the Polish and Ukrainian literature. Fisz’s activity is multifaceted: writer, playwright, historian, memoirist, ethnographer, publicist – these are far from all facets of his talent. Z. Fisz is the representative of the “Ukrainian school” in the Polish writing. Hence, the Ukrainian theme dominates in his creative heritage. He was interested in the Ukrainian history connected with Cherkasy region (for example, described in the novel “Nestor Pysanka”). The story vividly describes the culture, traditions in Ukraine. In the novel “Nestor Pysanka” the haidamakas uprising is shown on the ex- ample of the fate of the character whose name gave the title to the work. The dramatic events of Koliivshchyna are presented retrospectively, through the prism of the perception of the main character, who tells the author-narrator the secret of his life. Z. Fisz’s approach in evaluating the haidamakas uprising and its apogee is characterized as pro-noble, the author’s ambiguous attitude towards the participants of the haidamaks uprising is noted. One gets the impression that the writer sympathizes with the Haidamak leader for his desperation, sociability, courage, justice, insight, indifference to accumulation, and organizational skills. Perhaps the author is aware of the ambiguity of his own vision of the haidamaks uprising and therefore tries to leave the evaluation of those bloody events to posterity and, thus, to remove responsibility from himself. Z. Fisz is not only well-versed in Ukrainian history, but also in love with Ukrainian nature, as evidenced by numerous picturesque descriptions of localities, Ukrainian customs, rites, traditions, folklore, and language. Numerous proverbs and sayings are embedded in the artistic canvas of the story as elements of intertext. All these factors create a powerful Ukrainian element, which unfolds not only in this story, but also in other works of the writer.