Миграционные процессы и проблемы сохранения этнической культуры (на примере дунганского этноса)

Abstract

This article examines the features of modern migration processes and their impact on the ethnic culture of Dungans. In the conditions of political instability and economic crisis, the ethnic Dungans of the region are forced to leave their homes in search of a better life in a foreign cultural environment. Movements are primarily directed to the internal territories of the former USSR states, but there are also trends for emigration from the region to the countries of Europe and America. Compact residence of a small Dungan ethnic group slows the process of cultural assimilation, while dispersed residence in a foreign-ethnic environment leads not only to the development of new cultural attributes, professional achievements, and material well-being in the new environment but also to transformation and then to assimilation. The authors mainly relied on interviews as a special method of research in oral history when studying ethnic history and the history of interethnic contacts. Recent studies in places where Dungans live compactly demonstrate a high increase in migration trends, among them in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, which may accelerate the loss of specific cultural features in the future, including the loss of language as one of the main distinguishing features of ethno-cultural identity