Использование музыкообогащенной среды при нарушениях когнитивных функций у взрослых (теоретический обзор)

Abstract

The paper considers the directions of cognitive neurorehabilitation based on new data from neuroscience on the "musical brain", the influence of a music enriched environment on structural changes in a healthy brain and its pathology. A modern understanding of the brain foundations of musical perception is given. The role of music in the formation of brain shown by the example of structural and morphological differences between the brains of musicians and non-musicians. The article shows the influence of musical executive activity on the rate of brain ontogenesis, the formation of pathways, and an increase in the volume of white and gray matter in the brain regions associated with musical perception. The specificity of the hemispheric geography of perceptual musical brain maps described. The review of modern research directions on the role of the use of music-enriched environment in the rehabilitation of cognitive disorders is given. Various types of music technologies used in rehabilitation practice specified: neurological music therapy (NMT), musical intonation therapy (MIT) and music supported therapy (MST). Special attention is paid to the description of types of music therapy in working process with aphasia and dementia. It shows the common psychological structure of musical and speech perception, the friendliness of structural brain rearrangements and regression of aphasic disorders during MIT We consider data from studies using neuroimaging methods that prove the effectiveness of MIT in aphasia. For dementia, the productivity of using a music enriched environment in the form of MST is demonstrated. Data on the multiplicity and duration of MST courses to achieve a positive rehabilitation effect are provided. The importance of using a music enriched environment in the rehabilitation of cognitive disorders of organic genesis in the field of neuropsychological practice is discussed.