Лексика материальной культуры в памятнике «Правдивые записи о монголах Цинской империи»

Abstract

The paper deals with the names of some items of material culture presented in the decree on attributes of an escort of the Manchurian governor Hung Taiji for the festive ceremony held in honor of granting him the title ‘Gracious Peaceful Bogdo-Khan’ in 1636. The decree is presented in the written monument “Truthful record about Mongols of the Qing Empire” published in Classic Mongolian in 2013 in Huhe-Hoto (People's Republic of China). It is revealed that naming of a number of objects under study was based on visual perception of their form and acoustical associations their action produced. So, names of such pieces of material culture as sarqalǰi ‘staff mace’, ǰida ‘spear’, etc. are connected with the image ‘something peaked’, baγbur ‘bowl’ with the image ‘something stocky’, longqu ‘bottle’ with the image ‘something big-bellied’, qubing ‘jug’ with the image ‘something narrow (about a neck)’, manǰilγa ‘fringe’ with the image ‘something long, trailing’. Etymologies of the words saγadaγ ‘quiver’ from a preverb *saγa [tata-] ‘to snatch out’, manǰilγa ‘fringe’, etc. are presented for the first time. The naming of tuγ ‘banner’ occurred on the basis of acoustical perception of its fluttering. The list contains loanwords from Chinese and Sanskrit. The analysis of the Chinese variants of lexemes showed that in certain cases their meaning is more precise, than that of Mongolian words. Consideration of compound words revealed a similar mechanism of naming process for some other pieces of material culture in Mongolian and Chinese of the 17th century. In the Chinese variant of the monument the word 撒带sā dài is a transliteration of the Mongolian word saγadaγ ‘quiver’. It demonstrates the importance of the Mongolian culture in the life of the Manchurian emperors’ Court. Mongolian, in turn, borrows some elements from Chinese which are used as an explanation to the main component of a compound word. So, the consideration of the etymology of the words designating elements of material culture showed some specificity of Mongolian in the way it reflects both real and mental worlds.