ФОРМУВАННЯ ГОСПОДАРСЬКО-ЦІННИХ ОЗНАК ЛІНІЙ КУКУРУДЗИ ЦУКРОВОЇ В УМОВАХ ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНОГО ЛІСОСТЕПУ

Abstract

Sugar corn is an important vegetable crop, the popularity of which is growing every year. Its cultivation has been increasing since 2009 by 56 % in Ukraine, by 115 % in the United States and by approximately 135 % in Thailand and China. Crop products are also a natural source of fructose and sucrose. However, due to the limited quantity and quality of the genetic material of the lines, the synthesis of new hybrids is carried out using lines with low adaptability and the effect of heterosis. Therefore, the creation of new and improvement of the source material contributes to the production of new lines of sweet corn for a number of morpho-biological and economically valuable features. The tests were conducted in the experimental field of Uman NUH in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. Both domestic and foreign selection lines were used as test material. The process of obtaining new high-yielding hybrids begins with the selection of parent components. Initially, the analysis of self-pollinated lines for morphological and basic economically valuable indicators based on their response to weathering conditions is performed. To develop a model of the future hybrid, we studied our lines for the length of the growing season and a number of morphological features such as plant height and the height of attachment of the productive ear. The above characteristics are just a genetic feature of the lines and their response to changes in air temperature and the amount of precipitation. Our research allows us to identify line 1050, which on average had a small coefficient of variation in plant height, grain harvest moisture and yield, and average — in the height of the attachment of the ear. It is also necessary to highlight the lines: 950 — provided a reduction in grain harvest moisture to the baseline data by 1.6 % and 910 — combines high yields and low coefficient of variation.