Ретроспективный анализ эффективности интродукции сортов ягодных культур в условиях Магаданской области

Abstract

In the current political and economic conditions, the search for reserves to increase food production is a strategic task. For the northern regions, the problem of providing high-quality fruit and berry products is of social importance, so research on the introduction and selection of berry crops is of particular relevance. In order to determine the directions for the development of berry growing and the effectiveness of the introduction of varieties of berry crops in the conditions of the region, a retrospective analysis of variety trials of introduced domestic varieties of berry crops isolated by a complex of adaptive-significant traits was carried out to create new varieties that combine high productivity with fruit quality and resistance to stress in agroecological conditions. Magadan region. Variety tests were carried out by Magadan Research Institute of Agriculture in 2010-2016. The study involved introduced promising seedlings of domestic varieties of berry crops provided by the Pavlovsk Experimental Station of VIR named after V.I. N.I. Vavilova: 5 varieties of blue honeysuckle (Amphora, Nymph, Lebedushka, Pavlovskaya, Bullfinch); 6 varieties of black currant (Veloi, Delicacy, Gulliver, Green Haze, Vigorous, Dawn); 3 varieties of red currant (Jonger Van Tets, Dutch pink, Rolan) and 3 varieties of garden ash (Scarlet large, Pomegranate, Nevezhinskaya). In the process of work, phenology (the timing of the onset of the phenological phases of vegetation), winter hardiness, general condition, plant resistance to major pests and diseases were noted. It was established that under the conditions of the new territory, all varieties of introduced berry crops of blue honeysuckle, black and red currants, garden ash were characterized by reduced adaptive abilities, instability to abiotic stress factors of the territory, therefore, the development of foreign varieties of berry crops in the future is futile. The lack of heat and a short growing season had a significant negative impact on the architectonics of introducers, and excess solar radiation was not a decisive factor.