Новые формы занятости на региональных рынках труда (на примере субъектов ЮФО)

Abstract

The article analyses the relationship between the concepts of platform employment and gig economy. The development of new types of employment is justified. They are permanent platform and Giger platform. 22 online platforms (taxi ordering, delivery, freelance exchanges, and marketplaces) and data on their presence in the regions of the Southern Federal District were analyzed. It was found that new types of employment are found in all regions. It is mainly represented by the Giger platform. The factors limiting and expanding permanent platform employment are determined. The ambiguous influence of platform employment on regional labor markets is shown. To a greater extent, it is developing in large cities with sufficient solvent demand. For the regions of the Southern Federal District, these are Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don, Volgograd (only administrative centers were taken, Sochi, Taganrog, Volzhsky were not analyzed specifically). To create additional jobs due to this, it is necessary to have the following: concentration of the population in a certain territory, consumer demand for the purchase of non-priority services, a high level of education, capable of ensuring the interest of customers in attracting performers from a specific locality. These factors require additional study, but, nevertheless, the analysis shows that in order to increase the positive impact of platform employment and gig economy on regional labor markets, adjustments to the strategies of social and economic development of territories are necessary, which is possible, including using the potential of national projects.