Анализ вероятности метаморфизации ионного состава ультрапресных вод арк­тических рек России

Abstract

For the first time, the classification of the ionic composition of ultra-fresh waters of the Arctic rivers in Russia has been carried out in a long-term aspect and in view of seasonality. The features of the ionic composition of ultra-fresh waters of the Arctic rivers have been considered, the class, group and type of river waters have been established according to the classification of O. A. Alekin. The chemical composition of the ultra-fresh rivers of the Russian Arctic zone is characterized by great diversity. These rivers vary from the most simple bicarbonate-calcium waters of the second type to sulfate or hydrocarbon-sulfate waters of a complex cationic composition. For the estuarine sections of the Virma, Kolos-Yoki, Teriberka and Ura Rivers variability manifests itself in a simplification of the chemical composition. For the Pravaya Khetta, Sede-Yakha and Nadym Rivers, changes in the ratios between cations and anions have been revealed. For the Indigirka, Yana Rivers and its tributaries, changes have been noted only in the anionic composition. It is shown that it is for these rivers that the metamorphization of river waters is possible. Most of the river sections with a high probability of metamorphization of the ionic composition of water are confined to the West Siberian part of the Russian Arctic zone. This is due to a higher anthropogenic load and a high degree of development of this area. For these sections of the rivers, the revealed metamorphization is of a technogenic nature. The metamorphization process of ultra-fresh river waters in the direction of changing the hydrocarbonate class to the sulfate or chloride class can cause the appearance of hydrochemical anomalies in the content of the main ions.