육아기 여성의 문화예술향유불평등: 육아부담이 문화예술관람에 미치는 영향에 대한 계층의 조절 효과*

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to understand the structure of inequality of cultural consumption in Korea among women with children under the age of 6. Specifically, this research focuses on the moderating effect of socio-economic status on cultural consumption among women with the burden of childcare. Cultural consumption is measured in two dimensions – the quantity and the diversity of cultural consumption; here, quantity is the ‘frequency’ of each cultural consumption activity. Diversity consists of three metrics -- ‘number of types’ indicating the number of the consumed cultural activities, ‘equality’ indicating the uniformness in the distribution over the frequency of the consumed cultural activities, and ‘hybridity’ indicating the heterogeneity of the consumed cultural activities across cultural boundaries. We use the data of 2016 Survey Report on Cultural Enjoyment for our analysis. The analysis shows that childcare has a negative correlation with the quantity and the number of the types of the consumed cultural activity. Further analysis also discovered two moderators between cultural consumption with the children burden as the size of resident city and level of income. Specifically, when the childcare burden increases, the lower income group has a significantly less number of type of cultural consumption than the higher income group. Moreover, when the childcare burden increases, the smaller resident city group has a significant low quantity, number of types, and equality of cultural consumption than larger resident city group. A major contribution of this study is that we present an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of cultural consumption among women with the burden of childcare. We also provide a theoretical and practical guide to resolving the cultural inequalities among women in Korea.