МАТЕМАТИЧНА МОДЕЛЬ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КОЕФІЦІЄНТІВ ВІДБИТТЯ ВІД РУПОРНИХ ВИПРОМІНЮВАЧІВ ФАЗОВАНИХ АНТЕННИХ РЕШІТОК

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of researching reflection coefficients from horn emitters that are part of a phased antenna array. It was found that the advantage of using horn antennas is the high directivity of their radiation, a significant efficiency and a fairly high amplification factor. However, their main drawback is the back radiation (scattering) of electromagnetic waves by the elements of the antenna design. This affects the radar visibility of samples of weapons and military equipment and their electromagnetic compatibility. To eliminate these shortcomings, the article analyzes the differential characteristics of the backscatter diagrams of aperture antennas in order to improve the mathematical model of the reradiated field study, taking into account the reflection coefficients from horn emitters. In the course of the study, the causes and regularities of such a phenomenon as the reflection of electromagnetic waves from internal inhomogeneities of horn antennas were clarified, in order to reduce it. The given graphs of the dependence of the amplitudes of the reflected electromagnetic field on the observation angles show that the improvement of the alignment in the antenna path will cause an increase in the maximum signal amplitude in the transmission mode. According to the principle of inversion of antennas, such an arrangement will improve the absorption of waves of higher types directed to the openings of a single emitter or an equidistant antenna array. This will reduce the voltage standing wave factor and the level of side lobes. Therefore, the sounding radar station will receive a reduced level of the reflected signal, which will improve the defense of weapons samples that include a horn as a separate antenna or as part of equidistant linear phased antenna arrays. Keywords: phased antenna array; pyramidal horn emitter; reduction of the effective scattering surface; reflection coefficient.