Сучасні підходи до комплексної психокорекційної роботи з подолання заїкання у дошкільників

Abstract

The article investigates the theoretical foundations and practical implementation of the complex approach to psycho-corrective work on overcoming stuttering. It is a therapeutic and pedagogical influence on different sides of the psychophysical state of a child suffering from stuttering by means of diverse methods, means and efforts initiated by different specialists (doctors, speech therapists, psychologists, educators). The purpose of the psycho-corrective work is to eliminate or weaken speech twitching and related disorders of voice, breathing, motor skills and speech; improvement and strengthening of the nervous system and the organism as a whole; depriving the child of a misconception of his / her speech defects as well as from psychological layering; re-education of his / her personality and behaviour, social rehabilitation and adaption of a child suffering from stuttering. Stuttering is not only a disorder of the speech function, but, first of all, a disorder of the nervous system, the weakening of a physical health, general motor skills; psychological features should also be noted. The experimental methodology of the complex psycho-corrective work with preschool children suffering from stuttering has been presented, it is aimed at forming the abilities of a stable smooth speech as a capability of pronouncing each syntagm within one speech exhalation. The methodology was introduced into the speech therapy work of specialized preschool institutions. Some specialized computer programs aimed at correcting the stuttering (games for tigers); traditional methods of preventing stuttering (creation of a protective speech mode, complexes of exercises aimed at the formation of phonation breathing, development of speech intonation characteristics, work on smoothing speech in its various forms, etc.); author’s methods of stutter correction (breathing exercises by A. M. Strelnikova, S. O. Mironova’s methodology, G. O. Volkova’s playing-based approach) were used in the designated work. The results of the study indicate the effectiveness of the proposed complex psycho-correctional methodology for working with preschoolers in order to overcome stuttering. It was experimentally proved that it is necessary to complexly influence not only on speech, personality, motor skills, nervous system of a stuttering child but also on his / her body as a whole in order to eliminate his / her stuttering. Keywords: stuttering, complex psycho-correctional work, methodology for overcoming stuttering, speech therapy exercises, speech, speech disorders.