Abstract
Intensive use of polymeric materials, especially those in the structure of which there are inorganic nanoscale fillers, necessitates a systematic study of their physical and chemical properties. Due to the availability of raw materials, easy modification of the structure and properties, the most common polymer used in electrical, radio engineering, chemical industries, engineering and medicine is polyethylene, one of the classes of thermoplastics. However, polyonephiles have certain usage limitations as materials for structural purpose due to physical characteristics, such as hardness, solidity, durability and heat resistance. The insertion of nanoscale inorganic additives during the modification process contributes to the appearance of the spatial structure of the matrix in the polymer. The most effective modification methods are the process of rolling and vibration grinding of thermoplastic systems. The hardness and forming properties of linear polyethylene (PE) PE + (SiC, TiC, MoC) systems obtained by general dispersion are investigated. High-density powdered polyethylene (medium-viscosity molecular weight 9.5•104 and crystallinity degree of 54 %) and filler nanoparticles of 3-10 mk size with the specific surface area of <20 m2) were used for the production of samples. The admixture of carbides was 0.2-7.0 %. After the dispersion of the PE and the carbides, the efficient grafting of polymer macromolecules to the surface of the carbide particles with the formation of mesh structures is observed, which leads to the presence of gel-fraction in composite materials. The value of the available gel fraction is below the number of grafted polymer. The maximum number of grafted polymer (D=36 % and the gel fraction G=31 %) is observed for PE with 7 % particulate silicon carbide. At the same time, the crystallization of the polymer in the presence of additives of silicon carbides, titanium and molybdenum, dispersed from PE, there is a simultaneous increase in the crystallinity degree of the polymer and the height of its crystallites folds. The most effective increase in the parameters of the PE crystal structure is observed at a content of 1.0% of carbide impurities in the polymer. It can be assumed that such hybrid nanocomposites will have unique properties. Key words: material science, modification of the structure and material properties, polymers, composite materials, vibration grinding of thermoplastic systems, nano-filled polymers.
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