Об изучении зеркал скольжения в очагах палеоземлетрясений в Прибайкалье и Монголии

Abstract

The paper presents some results of studying various samples of slip surfaces collected during expeditions, taken in the Baikal region and Mongolia from seismic dislocations of different ages, including from deep segments of seismically active fault zones exhumed to the earth's surface. Using methods of petrophysical study of the processes of hydrothermal-metasomatic transformation of abraded rock matter in slip surfaces, an analysis of petrochemical and thermodynamic processes in the foci of paleoearthquakes that occurred hundreds of millions of years ago in the deep segments of faults was carried out. Also presented are data from field and laboratory experiments conducted to study the mechanisms of formation of slip surfaces and tectonic pseudotachylytes that arose during frictional heating of rocks at moments of high-speed displacements in faults. An analysis of the totality of the new information obtained indicates that a comprehensive study of slip surfaces makes it possible to supplement existing ideas about the seismogeological conditions of the occurrence of paleoearthquake foci in the deep segments of active faults, and also contributes to the creation of new models of earthquake foci and the development of earthquake prediction methods. In the applied aspect, the obtained fundamental results become important for assessing seismic hazard and developing new methods for its reduction.