Острый ларингит. Современные аспекты физиотерапевтического лечения с позиции синдромно-патогенетического подхода

Abstract

Despite the widespread prevalence of acute laryngitis and known methods of therapy, the task of improving a personalized approach to treatment based on the knowledge of otolaryngology, physical and rehabilitation medicine (physiotherapy), and pharmacology still remains an urgent task. Acute laryngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx, which is accompanied by a violation of the voice function. Patients with this pathology seek help from an otolaryngologist and generalist. Acute laryngitis can occur as an independent disease or as a manifestation of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI). Also, the development of acute laryngitis can also be due to irritative (noninfectious) reasons: excessive voice use, climatic conditions, smoking, gastroesophageal reflux disease, occupational hazards. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the algorithm for prescribing physical factors to patients with acute laryngitis based on modern ideas about their therapeutic effects. The paper presents current information about the etiology and pathogenesis of acute laryngitis. The main pathophysiological syndromes are identified: inflammatory, neuromuscular transmission disorders, dystonic, dystrophic, microcirculation disorders, psycho-emotional. The general principles of the syndromic-pathogenetic approach to the prescription of therapeutic physical factors in patients with acute laryngitis are substantiated. General absolute and relative contraindications to the prescription of therapeutic physical factors in patients with dysphonia are listed. The algorithm for prescribing physiotherapy is substantiated, the most illustrative examples of the choice of physical methods of treatment are presented.