Энергоэффективные биопозитивные конструкции в зданиях гражданского назначения для условий Санкт-Петербурга

Abstract

Objective: Development of technical solutions for improving energy efficiency in residential buildings. Methods: Field experiment, thermal inspection of residential buildings. Results: In the conditions of rising global mean annual temperature over the last century, changed climatic parameters of St. Petersburg city. The duration of the winter period decreased by 13 days compared to the first half of the XX century due to the earlier onset of spring. The shift of the winter end has shifted to a colder part of the year and beginning remained unchanged. The winter in the district of St. Petersburg became colder. The change of climatic parameters of St. Petersburg affects the efficiency of the housing stock built since the late 90s. using the technology of monolithic housing construction. In the work conducted thermal survey of residential buildings of monolith structures in St. Petersburg. The result revealed the following defects: the formation of cold bridges in the construction of the pairing of the slabs with wall enclosing structures; disturbance of temperature and humidity conditions in residential areas; a deterioration of living conditions in the apartments; in some cases, the growth of education fungi. To create favorable conditions for human habitation designed a constructive solution that improves the thermal performance of the exterior walls. The technical solution is the use of the valve, in the thickness of the wall and provides or prevents the penetration of outside air in the air layer. Practical importance: The application of the proposed constructive solution after additional experimental studies will improve the energy efficiency of residential buildings in the context of changing climatic parameters.