СОХРАНИТЬ КРЫМ: ОН ТРЕБУЕТ БЕРЕЖНОГО ОБРАЩЕНИЯ (НЕОБХОДИМА ПРОГРАММА ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ОПТИМИЗАЦИИ КРЫМА)

Abstract

In Crimea mixed landscapes: in the south - a ridge of low mountains, creating a close to the Mediterranean climate and landscape on a narrow strip of the southern coast; the rest of the area is mostly arid steppes. The Black Sea from depths of more than 150-300 m is contaminated with hydrogen sulfide and uninhabitable marine life. Historically, the recreational and agricultural strategy for the development of Crimea has been formed. There is an unacceptably small ratio of natural and developed areas (30/70%); high land ploughing (60-70%); insufficient foresting (10.7%); high aridity; landscapes are monotonous (excluding the southern shore). The settlements of Crimea dump their liquid runoff after cleaning in the hydrogen sulfide-contaminated sea, which adds complexity to the environmental situation: because the speeds of sea currents are small, and the self-cleaning capacity of the beach area is low due to the reduction of the area of natural beaches, the regulation of the shore by pebble beach's and concrete buns, reducing the area of overgrowth that purifies the water. At the same time, recreational loads on Crimea are growing. The Program of environmental (ecological) optimization of Crimea, increasing natural diversity and share of natural areas (including highly productive forest), improving its natural condition and creating an original architectural - landscape appearance is needed. Large man-made impacts on the fragile ecosystem of Crimea should be banned. Environmental optimization, increasing the share and diversity of natural areas, restoration of natural vegetation, afforestation, biopositive building, will ensure the ecological reliability of the ecosystem.