Соотношение терминальных и инструментальных ориентаций на труд у работающего населения России

Abstract

Terminal orientations towards labor are significant as they emphasize the latter’s primary role as a vital value and a means of self-realization for a person, regardless of the rewards. This article defines the state, relationship and dynamics for change in the tool and terminal types of value orientations of Russia’s employed population when it comes to labor and working activity. The analysis is based on international research data from studies on attitude towards labor carried out under the ISSP program in 1998, 2005 and 2015. The terminal approach to labor is considered to be a rare but necessary type of value orientation for a worker’s personal development and for the development of society as a whole. The problem is especially crucial due to the minor significance of terminal values of labor in Russia when compared to other world countries which took part in ISSP research in 2015. This article proves that, in contrast to developed European countries, any increase in terminal labor orientations in Russia would not have anything to do with an increase in monetary rewards. Terminal orientations among Russia’s employed population can usually be attributed to an interesting job. Based on factor analysis of values important to workers in Russia and other countries, it can be argued that terminal and tool types of value orientations create opposing factors. Such values as the opportunity to be a useful member of society and to be able to provide assistance to other people – these are the ones which play a crucial role in the formation of such a factor as terminal labor orientations.