Досвід повоєнного відновлення економіки країн Балканського регіону: фінансові та структурні особливості

Abstract

The experience of the post-war reconstruction of the Western Balkans is relevant for Ukraine, in particular, both with regard to the structural features of the transformation of their economies, and with regard to the diversification of financial support instruments. In order to determine the possibilities of approving the experience of the post-war reconstruction of the countries of the Balkan region in Ukraine, the main losses and consequences of military actions for the economies of these countries have been characterized. As a result of the conducted research, the essence of approaches to the interpretation of the meaning of the concept of «post-war recovery» was revealed, its priorities, criteria and means of achievement were substantiated. Based on the analysis of the experience of the post-war reconstruction of these countries, a number of institutional changes that were implemented to strengthen the economic integration of the Balkan countries with the EU member states are highlighted, and the possibilities of diversifying the financial resources of international aid through program and grant support tools are characterized. The analysis of the economic losses of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia caused by the war made it possible to determine the traditional types of economic activity that constitute the economic specialization of these countries. The article summarizes the main directions of the use and distribution of donor funds and grant support funds, as well as analyzes the strategic documents developed by the authorities of these countries and international institutions to achieve post-war stabilization. On the basis of the analysis of the sectoral structure of the GDP of the Balkan countries, the peculiarities of their competitive positions in the European economic space, conclusions are formulated about the specifics of the dynamics of the post-war structural restructuring of the economies of these countries. The experience of the post-war recovery of the economies of the Balkan countries proved that the success of the post-war reconstruction is the result of a purposeful policy of structural reforms and consistent regulatory measures of the state to achieve the defined goals and priorities of the reconstruction. Therefore, in the conditions of the war and after its end, Ukraine should take into account the experience of the countries of the Western Balkans in order to speed up this process and avoid mistakes.