НОРМЫ УДОБРЕНИЯ МОЛОДЫХ ПЛАНТАЦИЙ СТОЛОВОГО ВИНОГРАДА ПРИ ПОЛИВЕ СИСТЕМАМИ КАПЕЛЬНОГО ОРОШЕНИЯ

Abstract

Purpose: to determine rational rates of mineral fertilizer application on young vineyards of table grape varieties with drip irrigation systems. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted in Belogorsk district of the Republic of Crimea in the foothill zone. The soils of the experimental plot are solonetzic chernozem. The studies were conducted on the Podarok Irine variety, zoned for the conditions of the Republic of Crimea. Irrigation with drip irrigation systems was carried out with a decrease in soil moisture in the 0.6 m layer to 75–80 % of minimum water capacity throughout the growing season. The calculated rate of mineral fertilizer application for the planned yield in the control variant was N80P60K60. Results. The highest indicators of plant height and vine ripening were obtained in the experimental variant with a 20 % higher dose of mineral fertilizers. The average net productivity of leaf photosynthesis per day of vegetation in the experimental variants varied from 1.1 to 1.3 g/(sq. m·day) in the first year. In the second year, this indicator changed from 2.0 to 2.7 g/(sq. m·day), and in the third year it was 1.8–2.9 g/(sq. m·day). The obtained dependencies for plant height and shoot ripening made it possible to determine that increasing the fertilizer rate on young grape plantations by more than 20% is inappropriate, since it leads to a decrease in productivity. Conclusions. The yield of the third-year grapes varied within 2.47–2.91 t/ha and was 39–64 % higher than in the variant without fertilizer application. The conducted studies made it possible to state that with an increase in the rates of mineral fertilizers by 10 and 20 %, there was an increase in the yield of the third-year grapes by 4.7 and 9.2 %, respectively. The rational rate of fertilizers on young vineyards on chernozem soils is N96P72K72 under the conditions of the foothill zone of the Republic of Crimea.