Обоснование требований растений к регулированию водного режима почв и его контроль

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to analyze models of plant requirements for the regulation of the water regime of soils to substantiate the range of optimal humidity and its control based on automation and digitalization in accordance with the algorithm for controlling the moisture regime of reclaimed soils. The substantiation of the requirements of plants to the regulation of the water regime of soils and its control is presented. The analysis of models of dependencies of agricultural productivity on the formation of the water regime of the soil to substantiate reclamation (irrigation) is carried out. Four approaches to the development of models of this orientation are given, graphs of the requirements of the main crops to soil moisture reserves are built, in relation to loamy soils. Dynamic calculations of the required moisture reserves in the soil according to the phases of plant development for grain crops are carried out, allowing regulating the water regime in more detail, taking into account the development of production processes. The accuracy of calculations according to the model of Shabanov V.V. is confirmed by microbiological studies. Based on the conducted field studies and according to the data available in the public domain, comparative analyses of moisture sensors were performed and recommendations were made to improve the accuracy of soil moisture control within reasonable optimal ranges. To carry out accurate reclamation, it is necessary not only to perform model calculations of the optimal humidity ranges for the phases of plant development, but also to control the soil moisture values with sufficient measurement accuracy with modern equipment, to carry out controlled watering with the introduction of automation and digitalization.