МЕНОПАУЗАЛЬНАЯ ГОРМОНАЛЬНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И РИСКИ ВЕНОЗНЫХ ТРОМБОЭМБОЛИЧЕСКИХ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ АСПЕКТ ПРОБЛЕМЫ

Abstract

Age-related aspects of women's health have been in the focus of attention of cardiologists, gynecologists, and endocrinologists for many years. The physiological features of the course of the peri- and postmenopausal periods and the possible consequences of estrogen deficiency are already well-studied. For nearly 20 years, there has been a debate about the benefit-risk ratio of menopausal hormone therapy. The evidence for its protective effect on age-related cases is overwhelming: prevention of osteoporosis development, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive decline, and improvement of the overall quality of life. The article presents current data on the association of menopausal hormone therapy with venous thromboembolic complications, depending on the type of estrogen and progestogen components, dose, regimen and methods of application. The feasibility and safety of menopausal hormone therapy in the context of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic is considered. The probability of increased risk of thromboembolic complications in case of COVID-19 infection during menopausal hormone therapy has not been proven in clinical practice. The data from the latest publications are presented, indicating the likely positive effect of female sex hormones on the course of SARS-CoV-2 and the recommendations of the leading international communities on menopause measurement regarding the admissibility of menopausal hormone therapy during the pandemic and limited ability to counsel patients.