Abstract
Pathology of smell is an interdisciplinary problem. Olfactory disorders are polyetiological and occur in a wide variety of diseases. However, with these complaints, patients first turn to otolaryngologists. The article describes the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of olfactory disorders, identifying the following main causes and risk factors for the development of olfactory dysfunction in adult patients: diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses; acute respiratory viral diseases; head and nose injuries; consequences of surgical treatment in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, intracranial operations; diseases of the nervous system; diseases of the endocrine system and internal organs; intoxication; taking medications; smoking; alcohol and drug addiction, age over 65 years, metabolic disorders. The mechanism of disturbance of the olfactory function is determined by the level of damage to the olfactory analyzer and is conductive, sensorineural, central and mixed. Chronic diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses are the most common cause of olfactory dysfunction. Timely detection of olfactory disorders is fundamentally important for early diagnosis of the diseases that cause them. Determining the causes and risk factors of olfactory disorders is an important task, as it helps determine treatment tactics for patients.
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