Профессор Г. И.Фишер фон Вальдгейм и музейная деятельность Московского университета

Abstract

Professor G.I. Fischer von Waldheim played an important role not only in the history of Moscow University, but also of Russian science in general. Having adopted a number of concepts in the first period of his life that gave new impetus to the development of natural sciences in Europe, he then became the founder of large university scientific schools and areas of research in Russia. But his contribution to the development of museums was especially significant, the study of which served as the subject of this article. While still in Paris, having familiarized himself with and researched the methods of displaying various natural science collections, he then began to create the Moscow University Museum - the first public museum not only in the history of Russian universities, but for Moscow as a whole. The article explores the main concepts that guided the professor for placing the exposition. It is also emphasized that in the development of scientific museums, Fischer saw great potential for further educational activities, as well as for the use of collections in the educational process. These concepts logically led him to put forward in 1832 a plan for a National Museum based on the collections of Moscow University, which would be designed to demonstrate all the natural wealth and resources that Russia possesses. This concept, although not realized, influenced subsequent museum activities in Moscow. The historical memory of Fischer von Waldheim is currently maintained within the museums of Moscow University.