КРАУДФАНДИНГ ТА ФАНДРЕЙЗИНГ ЯК МЕХАНІЗМИ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА У НАЦІОНАЛЬНІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ

Abstract

The article examines the features of crowdfunding and fundraising technologies as mechanisms for financing social entrepreneurship in the national economy of Ukraine and leading countries of the world. It is noted that if fundraising is the search for and attraction of funds and other resources for the purpose of implementing social and commercial projects, then crowdfunding is a collective fundraising via the Internet for charitable purposes and commercial projects. It is determined that despite the fact that crowdfunding is popular in various startups; social enterprises are increasingly using a fundraising system in their activities. Attention is focused on the fact that many reasons can serve as the basis for explaining why in Ukraine such methods of financing are not quite common today, although this is understandable, since the formation of any institution takes more than a decade, which is confirmed by foreign practices of formation, but from a macroeconomic point of view, such methods of financing in the Ukrainian reality could be fully implemented. It is determined that the further development of such a phenomenon as fundraising and crowdfunding in the field of activity of social enterprises in Ukraine depends on how the non-profit sector will develop in the state. It is proved that the necessary level of development of the social sphere is impossible without state leadership and control. It is proved that in order to develop new technologies of fundraising and crowdfunding, Ukrainian social enterprises (through borrowing and improving foreign experience, because they are "pioneers" in this field) need to learn how to properly build long-term relationships with the state, business structures and representatives of the population in the process of intersectoral partnership. It is argued that an effective macroeconomic solution to social problems is possible only when all structures are involved in it, each of which must contribute its own share of assistance to the resource support of social enterprises. It is proved that Ukraine today is in quite favorable conditions in terms of mastering fundraising and crowdfunding technologies. It is emphasized that the domestic national economy can use the best practices, existing models, negative and positive experience of using these technologies by countries of the world; adapt them to modern Ukrainian realities. It is determined that for the successful development of crowdfunding and fundraising in our country, it is necessary not only to adopt regulatory legal acts, but also to directly participate in the financing of social programs and projects implemented by social enterprises.