Сучасні тенденції розвитку сільськогосподарського виробництва на осушуваних землях Лівобережного Лісостепу України

Abstract

Goal. To establish current trends in the development of agricultural production in the drained lands of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and the need for rational use of drained lands to ensure sustainable agricultural production in the face of climate change. Methods. System analysis, generalization of knowledge and materials of scientific researches concerning tendencies of development of agricultural production on the drained lands, experimental on production sites of the Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Results. It is determined that modern agriculture in the area of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe is carried out under different soil and climatic conditions (heat and water supply). The main direction of agricultural production in the Sumy region is cereals and legumes, crops of which account for 59%. In the period 1990–2020, winter wheat crops decreased 1.3 times, but the area under corn for grain increased 8.2 times and occupied 37% of the sown area of cereals and legumes. Crops of industrial crops increased 13.9 times due to the expansion of crops of sunflower, soybean, rapeseed, the sown area of which increased by 16.6; 54.1 and 1.4 times. Sugar beet crops have decreased almost 150 times, and its yield has increased almost 2 times. In the structure of agricultural production a small share falls on vegetable growing and horticulture (up to 1%). A number of crops of traditional specialization (sugar beets, flax, hemp and others) have ceased to be a priority. The modern structure of sown areas is represented by such crops as corn, sunflower, wheat, soybeans and potatoes, which are economically attractive for agricultural producers. It is established that the available potential of drained lands is used inefficiently, and the water-regulating capacity of reclamation systems is an unused resource for increasing productivity and sustainable agricultural production in the conditions of climate change. Conclusions. It is established that for sustainable agricultural production in the area of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, the main directions of which were determined by the example of Sumy region, it is necessary to rationally use the available potential of drained lands, while the water regulation capacity of reclamation systems.