Abstract
The results of long-term studies on the problems of forecasting avalanche risk and active avalanche control carried out in various organizations on the territory of the former USSR are presented. The studies were performed at specially equipped high-mountain avalanche stations, which made it possible to obtain experimental data on the snow cover mechanics and the dynamic parameters of avalanches. The results allowed developing a technology for preventive avalanche triggering based on the prediction of avalanche risk, the diagnosis of snow in the avalanche area, and the dynamic impact on snow stability. In most situations, the prevention of avalanches dangerous to humans and vital activity facilities includes a set of special avalanche safety measures based on active and passive avalanche defense.
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