Межнациональные конфликты с точки зрения социального психоанализа (попытки диагностики и лечения)

Abstract

The article is devoted to an analytical review of psychoanalytic and other psychological approaches to the description and overcoming of ethnopolitical conflicts in Russia and other post-Soviet countries. The materials of the multinational research group International Dialogue Initiative and the scientific works of its members are widely used. The concept of psychological trauma is considered in detail, as well as the phenomenon of post-traumatic syndrome inherent in societies of the transit period. National enmity is considered on the basis of a number of examples through the prism of the psychoanalytic concept of “chosen” trauma. Considerable attention is paid to the psychological aspects of the treatment of ethnotrauma. In this regard, the positive aspect of the attitude to the past wars is considered as a common, but already experienced, mourned and buried trauma, which, from the point of view of psychoanalysis, contributes to its adaptive experience and transformation in the public consciousness, and, ultimately, reconciliation between former enemies. One of the key factors for this is the concept of the universal human need to have both enemies and allies developed by the outstanding psychoanalyst V. Volkan.