К вопросу развития банковской системы в Российской империи во второй половине XIX – начале XX вв

Abstract

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the banking system of the Russian Empire in the period of the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries in the conditions of reforms in the era of Emperor Alexander II, in the period of "counterreforms" of Emperor Alexander II, as well as in the era of active development of the capitalist system in the reign of Emperor Nicholas II. Materials and Methods. The sources include the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. A number of volumes of the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire include charters of banks - the State Bank of the Russian Empire, the Peasant Land Bank, as well as charters of joint-stock banks opened at the end of the XIX century. In the process of preparing the article the historical and chronological method was used. Due to this method it was possible to establish the main stages of the banking system formation. The historical-problem method allowed to reveal the relationship between the ongoing processes in the state and the formation of a new banking system. The source method proved to be necessary in determining historical sources for the preparation of the materials of the article. Results. The authors note that the banking system of the Russian Empire at the turn of the XIX - XX centuries. developed in the conditions of strengthening capitalist relations. Due to the undertaken research it was possible to trace the main stages of formation of the banking system in the Russian Empire. On the basis of the attracted material from historiography and sources the understanding of the relationship between the formation of the banking system in the conditions of budget deficit of the Empire in the middle of the XIX century was formed. It was possible to establish that in order to carry out a series of reforms under Alexander II was first attempted to strengthen the budget system through the formation of a new banking system. It was established that in the late XIX - early XX cc. The State Bank of the Russian Empire in the framework of its activities was aimed at strengthening industrial production, as well as agriculture. Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was possible to establish the stages of the banking system formation. The interrelation of the socio-economic situation with the state of the financial system was noted. On the basis of the conducted research it is possible to further consider, for example, changes in the functioning of the banking system during the reforms of S.Y. Witte. It is possible to conduct a study of the process of development of the banking system during the Agrarian Reform of P.A. Stolypin.