Проблемы маршрутизации при проведении медицинской эвакуации пострадавших в чрезвычайных ситуациях: результаты SWOT-анализа решений ситуационных задач в условиях пригородной зоны и отдаленного от города района. Сообщение 2

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to analyze and to evaluate the decisions of specialists of the Disaster Medicine Service of the regions on the application of routing principles during medical evacuation of victims in emergency situations and to identify ways to improve the quality and efficiency of medical evacuation measures in emergencies with a large number of victims arisen in suburban – up to 50 km from the city – zone and in remote – more than 50 km from the city – area. Materials and research methods. The materials of the study were 85 variants of solutions to the situational task «100 affected». The task had different structure of lesions in their localization and severity, different proportion of adults and children and variants of the place of occurrence of emergency situations. The tasks solutions were analyzed using case study technology and SWOT analysis method. Research results and their analysis. Medical specialists who took part in solving situational tasks-cases and experts from the Headquarters of the All-Russian Disaster Medicine Service revealed a fairly large number of factors affecting the quality of medical evacuation measures in emergencies. These factors in relation to SWOT analysis can be structured into «internal» (strengths and weaknesses) and «external» – enlarging opportunities for high-quality medical evacuation measures and reducing their risks. Analysis of the identified factors in relation to medical evacuations in emergencies revealed strengths and weaknesses of each option: — prevalence of «internal» strengths during medical evacuation in an emergency in the city, and the presence of certain risks – see Message 1 – option No. 1; — similar positions are determined during medical evacuation in an emergency in a suburban area, but with a number of differences affecting routing – Message 2 – option No. 2; — in an emergency in a remote area, a large number of «internal» weaknesses and «external» risks are compensated by available opportunities – Message 2 – option No. 2. For all emergency conditions, a weighted score of factors is given. As a result, the goal of the SWOT analysis was achieved – ways to improve treatment and evacuation measures were identified to develop strategies for «breakthrough», «development», «defense» and «containment» in each scenario of emergencies.