Хелатні комплекси мікроелементів кобальту, міді, марганцю, цинку як блокатори надходження радіонуклідів 90Sr, 137Cs в організм людини харчовим ланцюгом «ґрунт — рослина — тварина — людина»

Abstract

The influence of chelated complexes of trace elements (Mn, Zn, Cu, Co) with ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid on reducing the accumulation of radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr in plants and animals was studied. Foliar feeding of fodder plants (lupins, rapeseed, oats, clover, etc.) in the conditions of the Ukrainian Polissia on turf-podzolic soils contaminated with radionuclides, with aqueous solutions of complexonates of trace elements reduces the accumulation of 137Сs in the vegetative mass and grain by 1.6–2.8 times and 90Sr in 1.4–1.6 times. Compared with sulfates of microelements, complexonates have a much higher radio-blocking efficiency. Treatment of plants with microelement complexes increased the yield of vegetative mass and grain by 17–36 % and 16–38 %, respectively. At the same time, there is an improvement in their nutritional quality in plants, the content of some metabolites (crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, sugars) increases by 30–35 %. Addition of zinc-manganese and cobalt-copper complexonates to the diet of cows in amounts compensating for the natural lack of trace elements led to a decrease in the accumulation of 90Sr and 137Cs in milk and meat by almost 2 times. At the same time, when using complexonates, an increase in the milk productivity of cows by 15–25 % and the content of fat, proteins, weighty components in the milk of cows, which characterize the quality of milk, by 2–3 % were noted. At the same time, some immune indicators of the animals increased: leukocytes — by 11 %, basophils — by 44 %, rod and segmented leukocytes — by 30 and 37 %, respectively, monocytes — by 43 %, which indicates an improvement in the state of their immune system. Probably, the effect of the use of complexonates is due to greater permeability of microelements through cell membranes and the ability to directly integrate into the molecular structures of enzymatic systems, bypassing many transport chains.